Direct Fired Heaters
The foundation of our core values and principles
As a global market leader, BIH specialise in the design, engineering, manufacture and supply of Direct Fired Heaters to the downstream oil, gas and petrochemical industries.
BIH – at the heart of refinery operations for decades
BIH are renowned for solving complex technical challenges often pushing process and materials to the limit. All equipment is bespoke to suit a wide range of diverse applications that cost effectively meet each client’s specific requirements whilst minimising environmental impacts.
Direct Fired Heaters supplied by BIH have been at the heart of refinery operations for decades, providing the thermal energy needed to drive high temperature processes such as distillation, cracking and reforming. The evolution into petrochemicals and gas production applications has meant that BIH Fired Heaters are installed in a multitude of diverse production units and with the growth of Low Carbon Fuel production BIH Fired Heaters will remain an essential part of the Energy Transition.
Direct Fired Heaters are designed to client and international standards such as API 560 or ISO 13705. Supplying heaters worldwide, BIH take into consideration the national standards of the country of installation; for example, PED, ARH and CUTR.

BIH Fired Heaters are used in:
Distillation Processes
Involving the conversion of a liquid into vapour that is subsequently condensed back to liquid form after separation has taken place.
Titanium Dioxide Manufacturer
Titanium dioxide manufacturers supply produce titanium dioxide pigments to paints, paper, and plastics manufacturers to enhance properties such as opacity and strength. Typically, two furnaces are required to heat the Oxygen and TiCl4 feeds to the manufacturing process.
Solvent Deasphalting
Solvent Deashphalting (SDA) is a unique separation process in which the residue is separated by molecular weight (density) instead of by boiling point.
Steam Methane Reforming
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is a process in which methane from natural gas is heated, with steam, usually with a catalyst, to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used in organic synthesis and as a fuel. SMR is the most widely used process for the generation of Syngas.
Alkane Dehydrogenation
An endothermic process in which alkene yields are limited by the reaction thermodynamics.
Styrene Monomer Production
Styrene Monomer (SM) is produced by catalytic dehydration reaction of ethylbenzene at gas phase under high temperature with steam and vacuum condition. Styrene monomer is allowed to be polymerized to produce commercial products such as polystyrene, ABS, styrene-butadiene (SBR) rubber, styrene-butadiene latex etc. This process requires a Styrene Steam Superheater and depending on the licence technology an Ethylbenzene Reboiler and or Tertiary Steam Superheater.
LAB
Linear AlklyBenzene is a primary component of biodegradable detergents and is manufactured through the Dehydrogenation of Paraffins to produce Olefins which then undergo alkylation to produce LAB.
Gas to Liquids (GTL)
Refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydrocarbons into longer-chain hydrocarbons, such as gasoline or diesel fuel.
This is done through a catalytic process usually based on Platinum. In addition reformate is the main source of Aromatic precursor bulk chemicals used for conversion to plastics.
Naphtha Reforming
Naphtha reforming is the catalytic conversion of low octane Naphthas, distilled from crude oil, to high octane liquid products (reformates) which are then blended into the gasoline pool to increase the Octane rating and hence value.
This is done through a catalytic process usually based on Platinum. In addition reformate is the main source of Aromatic precursor bulk chemicals used for conversion to plastics.
Hydrodesulfurization
Hydrodesulfurization is a catalytic process of removing sulphurous compounds from hydrocarbons the purpose of which is to reduce subsequent harmful emissions in downstream products Produced Sulphur goes on to make elemental Sulphur or Sulfuric acid for industry.
The process is based on the Hydrogen displacement of Sulphur (by breaking the Carbon-Sulphur bond) at elevated temperatures and pressures in a catalytic bed usually based on Molybdenum and Cobalt. The vast majority of refineries with have a HDS unit sometimes known as a Hydrotreater a BIH fired heater upstream of the HDS unit conditions the stream for the catalytic process.
Isomerisation
Isomerisation is a ”bottom of the barrel” process of molecular conversion of a hydrocarbon into its more useful Isomer (equal molecular weight, quantitative and qualitative composition, but with different physical and chemical characteristics). It is usually intended to convert low Octane oil fractions containing straight-chain alkanes into high Octane gasoline components comprising branched-chain alkanes, through structural change of the Carbon skeleton or spatial and configurational change.
This change takes place in the presence of a catalyst which depending on the change required could be finely dispersed platinum on an aluminium oxide catalyst, chlorinated Alumina or sulphated metal oxide. These isomeric compounds can be blended into gasoline to improve its octane rating and increase its value. BIH supply fired heaters to pre-heat the feed going into the isomerisation unit.
Thermal Cracking
Thermal cracking is a refining process in which heat and pressure are used to break down, rearrange, or combine hydrocarbon molecules. It is an extraction process in which hydrocarbons such as crude oil are heated to a high temperature to break the molecular bonds. It’s almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking nowadays.
LNG
Thermal cracking is a refining process in which heat and pressure are used to break down, rearrange, or combine hydrocarbon molecules. It is an extraction process in which hydrocarbons such as crude oil are heated to a high temperature to break the molecular bonds. It’s almost completely replaced by catalytic cracking nowadays.
Hydrocracking
Hydrocracking is a process that breaks down complex hydrocarbon molecules into simpler ones by using a catalyst and an elevated partial pressure of hydrogen gas. This is an established and reliable method for transforming low-value heavy oil fractions into higher-value products. This is generally a more demanding hydrotreating process but is rapidly emerging as the principle conversion technology to maximize diesel yield due to its ability to produce ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD).
Hydrocracking is normally facilitated by a bifunctional catalyst capable of rearranging and breaking hydrocarbon chains as well as adding hydrogen to aromatics and olefins to produce naphthenes and alkanes. Major products from hydrocracking are jet fuel, diesel, relatively high-octane rating gasoline fractions and LPG. All of these products have a low content of sulfur and contaminants.
Visbreaking
Visbreaking units upgrade the heavy residue oils produced by the vacuum distillation units through thermal cracking to produce more valuable products such as lower viscosity fuel oils, middle distillates and lighter hydrocarbons.
Hydrotreating
Is a process widely used in the petroleum industry for producing high-quality fuels and as part of a scheme for upgrading heavy crude oil by reducing sulphur, nitrogen and/or metal content Hydrotreating units are needed in the refinery to clean streams from material harmful to the catalyst-based processes. They are also needed to adjust the final product specification for various streams, such as light naphtha, kerosene, and low sulphur fuel oils. BIH supply furnaces for all these applications.
BIH’s diverse range of heaters available to suit the above processes include:
Crude Heaters
Crude oil heaters increase the temperature of heavy and crude oils to reduce the oil’s viscosity. Viscosity reduction is critical in separating water, sand, and crude oil near the wellhead and maintaining flow in the pipeline. Crude oil must be heated and held at a certain level for efficient pumping and transportation. Without process heating, waxes and heavy hydrocarbons can cool and solidify inside the pipeline. Reducing the oil’s viscosity makes it flow smoothly and facilitates easier oil transportation.
These furnaces are used in the Chloride process which converts ilmenite or other titanium sources to Titanium tetrachloride via reaction with elemental chlorine, which is then purified by distillation, and reacted with oxygen at high temperature to regenerate chlorine and produce the Titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide pigment can also be produced from higher titanium content feedstocks such as upgraded slag, rutile and leucoxene via a chloride acid process
TiCl4 Furnaces
These furnaces are used for the production of Titanium Dioxide which has a wide range of applications including paint, sunscreen and food colouring, it is estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two thirds of all pigments.
These furnaces are used in the Chloride process which converts ilmenite or other titanium sources to Titanium tetrachloride via reaction with elemental chlorine, which is then purified by distillation, and reacted with oxygen at high temperature to regenerate chlorine and produce the Titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide pigment can also be produced from higher titanium content feedstocks such as upgraded slag, rutile and leucoxene via a chloride acid process.
Reboilers
Reboiler Furnaces provide direct heating to drive the distillation processes on several refinery units. They are used frequently on Aromatics units as well as a number of other refining and gas processing units
Pyrolysis Furnaces (aka Thermal Cracking Furnaces)
Pyrolysis furnaces use high temperatures to thermally crack hydrocarbon feedstocks into higher value products. Examples include the cracking of Ethylene Dichloride (EDC) into vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM) which is then polymerised to form PVC. Steam-Crackers, another type of Pyrolysis Furnace, are used to produce Olefins from light hydrocarbons and steam.
Aromatic Furnaces
Aromatic furnaces are a generic term for furnaces used in the production of BTX (Benzene, Toluene, Xylene). In the catalytic reforming process a mixture of hydrocarbons with boiling points between 60–200 °C is blended with hydrogen gas, passed through the furnace to achieve a temperature of 500–525 °C and then exposed to a bifunctional platinum chloride or rhenium chloride catalyst at pressures ranging from 8–50 atm.
Under these conditions, aliphatic hydrocarbons form rings and lose hydrogen to become aromatic hydrocarbons. The aromatic products of the reaction are then separated from the reaction mixture (or reformate) by extraction with any one of a number of solvents, including diethylene glycol or sulfolane.
Visbreaking
Visbreaking units upgrade the heavy residue oils produced by the vacuum distillation units through thermal cracking to produce more valuable products such as lower viscosity fuel oils, middle distillates and lighter hydrocarbons.
Catalytic Reforming Furnaces
The purpose of Catalytic Reforming is to upgrade heavy naphtha in the presence of catalyst into a high-value gasoline blend stock by raising its octane. The primary product of the reformer is reformate, which is also the primary source of aromatics (such as benzene, toluene, and xylene) that are used as petrochemicals feedstocks. However, it also generates large amounts of hydrogen that can be used in the hydrotreaters and hydrocrackers.
API 560 furnaces are used to preheat the reactor feeds in what is usually a multi-stage process.
Hot Oil Heaters
Hot oil heaters are process units that heat a fluid (typically a thermal oil) which is subsequently used to heat other processes within a refinery/processing plant. This ‘indirect heating’ is used when the fluid to be heated would be adversely affected by direct heat or when precise control of the heating temperature is needed.
Examples of the former include regeneration of glycol (from dehydration units), regeneration of amine (from CO2 and sulphur removal processes) and oil stabilisation. Examples of the latter include heating for reboilers in the fractionation of NGL’s (Natural Gas Liquids) either as a standalone process or as part of the LNG process.
Hydrocrackers
Hydrocracker furnaces preheat the heavy oil feedstocks before entering the catalytic reactors, usually in a multi-stage process. These furnaces operate under very high pressures and high temperatures.
Natural Gas Heaters
Natural gas heaters are part of onshore gas processing facilities used to impart energy to treat the sour, rich wellhead gas to remove contaminants, such as metals and sulphur, and further extract natural gas liquids: ethane for petrochemical processes, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for domestic heating and cooking and condensates as a feedstock for refineries.
Steam Superheaters
A superheater is a device used to convert saturated steam or wet steam into superheated steam or dry steam. Superheated steam is used in steam turbines for electricity generation, in some steam engines, and in processes such as steam reforming and styrene monomer production.
Delayed Cokers
Delayed Coking is a thermal cracking process used in petroleum refining to convert heavy low value residual oils into lighter more valuable hydrocarbons with solid coke as a byproduct. This allows the refiner to improve overall refinery economics by handling the heavier lower cost feeds that can’t be process efficiently by other methods.
Regeneration Gas Heaters
Natural gas flowing from production wells or underground storage requires dehydration to protect the distribution system from corrosion and hydrate formation. In the commonly used solid desiccant absorption dehydration process, wet gas flows through a pressure vessel tower filled with solid desiccant. The moisture is absorbed on to the surface of the desiccant and the gas leaves the tower dry. When the desiccant is saturated with moisture, the gas flow is switched to another tower having dry desiccant. A regeneration gas heater is used to heat regeneration gas for drying out the desiccant in the wet tower. This process usually occurs cyclically or repetitively.
Arbor Coil Heaters
This kind of heater is typically used in all-vapor, non-coking services, such as octanizers, where very low coil pressure drops are desirable. BIH can provide up-fired solutions with conventional Arbor coils or end-fired arrangements with inverted ‘U’ coils.
Oxygen Heaters
These furnaces are used for the production of Titanium Dioxide which has a wide range of applications including paint, sunscreen and food colouring, it is estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two thirds of all pigments.
These furnaces are used in the Chloride process which converts ilmenite or other titanium sources to Titanium tetrachloride via reaction with elemental chlorine, which is then purified by distillation, and reacted with oxygen at high temperature to regenerate chlorine and produce the Titanium dioxide. Titanium dioxide pigment can also be produced from higher titanium content feedstocks such as upgraded slag, rutile and leucoxene via a chloride acid process
Steam-Methane Reformers
Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) is a process in which methane from natural gas is heated, with steam, usually with a catalyst, to produce a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used in organic synthesis and as a fuel. SMR is the most widely used process for the generation of Syngas.
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Disconnects between Heater Design, Instrumentation, Logic and Operator Response - AFRC Whitepaper 2025 BUSA
Products and Services

Reformers
Reformers are commonly used in the vital production of ammonia, methanol and hydrogen and will play an integral part in the global energy transition. BIH has the experience and scale to successfully deliver your reformer project.

OTSGs
Having supplied some of the world’s first large scale offshore Once Through Steam Generators (OTSGs) BIH are at the cutting edge of this technology.

WHRUs
With increasing focus on efficiency and environmental impacts, BIH’s Waste Heat Recovery Units (WHRUs) offer the ideal solution for gas turbine or gas stream heat recovery, both on and offshore.

HRSGs
Combining our knowledge of both process heaters and waste heat recovery, Heat Recovery Steam Generators (HRSGs) are perfectly suited to BIH’s capabilities.

Emission Control
Increasingly stringent regulations on air pollution limits create a challenge for any operating company wishing to install or modify combustion-based equipment.

Modularisation
Managing equipment delivery effectively saving you engineering, logistical and installation costs.
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